----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 (UNU) al to; towards alta high; tall angulo corner, angle bela beautiful; handsome blonda fair, blond(e) demandas ask(s) demando question diras say(s), tell(s) ebla possible eble maybe, perhaps, possibly en in estas am, is, are fakte as a matter of fact fakto fact granda big, large, great ho oh! iras go, goes jen here is, here are, behold jes yes juna young kaj and kara dear kio what kiu who knabino girl knabo boy kun with la the laboras work(s) li he, him mi I, me mondo world multaj many multe much ne no, not nenio nothing nova new nu well (as in: well, as far as I'm concerned...) nun now nur only okazas happens plej most restoracio restaurant rigardas look(s) (at) saluton hullo!, hi! sed but serioza serious, earnest scias know(s) sidas sit(s) sincera sincere sola alone; (the) only (...) speciala special spegulo mirror studento student tiu that one, that tro too, too much, too many tuta whole, entire tute quite universitato university venas come(s) vera true, real vere really verŝajna probable, likely verŝajne probably vi you virino woman viro man, male -o noun vera, "true" > la vero, "the truth" ebla, "possible" > eblo, "possibility" li demandas, "he asks" > demando, "a question" mi scias, "I know" > scio, "knowledge" -a adjective viro, "man" > vira "masculine" angulo, "angle" > angula, "angular" -e adverb bela, "beautiful" > bele, "beautifully" knabina, "girlish" > knabine, "in a girlish way", "girlishly" vi demandas, "you ask" > demande, "questioningly" -as verb, present tense serioza, "serious" > mi seriozas, "I'm being serious", "I'm speaking seriously" kunsido (kun + sido), "a session", literally: "a sitting- with", "a sitting together" > vi kunsidas, "you hold a session", "you have a meeting" -u verb, imperative iru!, "go!" venu!, "come!" vi sidas, "you're sitting" > sidu! "be seated" mal- opposite alta, "high" > malalta, "low" vero, "truth" > malvero, "falsehood" -in- female knabo, "boy" > knabino, "girl" Kiu estas Gerda?, "Who is Gerda?" Kiu scias?, "Who knows?" Kiu knabo laboras?, "Which boy is working?" Al kiu knabino li iras?, "Which girl does he go to?" En kiu universitato ŝi laboras?, "In which university does she work?" la viro, kiu rigardas, "the man who is looking" la universitato, en kiu mi laboras, "the univerity in which I work" la knabo, al kiu vi rigardas, "the boy (which) you are looking at" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 (DU) agas act(s) alia other, another bona good bone well certa certain certe certainly ĉu interrogative particle diable ! gosh! diablo devil direkto direction diskreta discreet dum during; while ej ! hey! oh! forta strong haltas stop(s) iĝas become(s) ili they inter between, among io something iom a bit, somewhat, rather iom post iom little by little iomete a little ke that (as in: I know that..., he says that...) kvaza~u as though, as if lia his mano hand mistera mysterious mistere mysteriously mistero mystery montras show(s) natura natural nature naturally naturo nature ne plu not any more, no more ni we pala pale parolas speak(s), talk(s) petas ask(s) for plu further, more pordo door post after prava right (in opinion, conduct, etc.) prave right (adverb) pravas am, is or are right proksima near rapida quick revenas come(s) back se if staras stand(s) stranga strange strange strangely ŝi she ŝia her, hers taso cup tre very turnas turns ulo fellow, guy, individual vidas see(s) volas want(s) ĉu : li venas, "he 's coming" > ĉu li venas?, "is he coming? vi scias, "you know" > ĉu vi scias?, "do you know?" -iĝ- become(s)..., get(s)... proksima, "near" > ili proksimiĝas, "they're drawing nearer stara, "standing" > li stariĝas, "he stands up" viro, "man", "male" > la knabo viriĝas. "the boy is becoming a man" rapida, "quick" > rapidiĝo, "acceleration" re- repetition, return ŝi vidas, "she sees" > ŝi revidas, "she sees again" ni venas, "we're coming" > ni revenas, "we're coming back" li fortiĝas, "he becomes strong" > li refortiĝas, "he recovers his strength" bela, "beautiful" > ŝi rebeliĝas, "she's becoming beautiful again", "she's recovering her beauty" > rebeliĝo, "the fact of recovering one's beauty" -ulo a person juna, "young" > junulo, "a youth" forta, "strong" > fortulo, "a hefty guy" -n direct object of a verb li vidas vin, li vin vidas, vin li vidas, vidas li vin, vidas vin li, "he sees you" vi vidas lin, vi lin vidas, lin vi vidas, vidas vi lin, vidas lin vi, "you see him" Mi ne povas vidi, ĉu estas io inter mi kaj vi. "I can't see whether there is something between you and me." Mi ne povas vidi, se estas io inter mi kaj vi. "If there is something between me and you, then I can't see." ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 (TRI) ami to love amo love (noun) anka~u also aspekti to look like aspekto look, appearance; aspect bonan tagon good afternoon, good morning, good day ĉe at, by, next to de of, from deklari to state deklaro statement, declaration esprimi to express esprimo expression grava important gravi to matter ĝi it jam already kiel as, like; how kompreneble of course (litt. understandably) kompreni to understand ne gravas it doesn't matter, never mind pardoni to forgive permesi to allow pli more povas can, may povi to be able to preferi to prefer pri about, concerning saluti to greet simpla simple spiono spy sur on tablo table tago day tamen however, all the same, nevertheless tio that tuj immediately vizaĝo face tio ne gravas that doesn't matter ne tio gravas that is not the thing that matters li aspektas kiel studento he looks like a student ŝi aspektas june (also in use, although purists disapprove: ŝi aspektas juna) she looks young -j plural viro, "man" > viroj, "men virino, "woman" > virinoj, "women" juna viro, "young man" > junaj viroj, "young men" bela tago "beautiful day" > belaj tagoj, "beautiful days" -i infinitive kompreni estas pardoni, "to understand is to forgive" mi salutas lin, "I greet him"; mi volas saluti lin, "I want to greet him" li komprenas, "he understands"; li povas kompreni, "he can understand"; la povo kompreni, "the ability to understand" -is verb, past tense mi estis, "I was" li venis, "he came" ŝi amis vin, "she loved you", "she used to love you" -ebl- possibility kompreni, "to understand" > komprenebla, "understandable" vidi, "to see" > videbla "visible" > nevidebla "invisible" ami, "to love" > amebla "who can be loved", "lovable" mal- used to form opposites ami, "to love", ne ami, "to be unloving", malami, "to hate" forta, "strong", ne forta OR neforta, "not strong", malforta, "weak" amdeklaro = deklaro de amo = deklaro pri amo ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 (KVAR) afero thing, matter; business aĵo thing, object (synonymous with "afero", but rather more concrete) anta~u in front of; before (prep.) anta~ue before, beforehand (adv.) arto art deziri to wish do so, then, thus ekzisti to exist fako specialization, branch, department; pigeon-hole, compartment ideo idea instrui to teach kiam when komuniki to communicate koni to be acquainted with, to know konsideri to consider konsenti to agree kripta cryptic kriptografio cryptography lerni to learn lingvo language lingvistiko linguistics malpli less mesaĝo message neniam never nomo name oni one, people, they, we, you por for; in order to profesoro professor respondi to answer rilati to relate rilato relationship scienco science sekreta secret (adj.) sekreto (a) secret temas pri it's about... (such or such a topic) temo subject, topic voli diri to mean ne tute not quite tute ne not at all -aĵo concrete manifestation, external manifestation, something having the quality of..., something that... nova, "new" > novaĵo, "news", "novelty" okazi, "to happen" > okazaĵo, "event" arto, "art" > artaĵo, "objet d'art" kriptaĵo = kripta afero, io kripta kriptaĵoscienco = scienco pri kriptaĵoj ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 (KVIN) absurda absurd ankora~u still ankora~u ne not yet atenti pay attention atento attention cetere besides ĉi (denotes nearness) ĉi tie here ĉi tio this (thing) ĉi tiu this; this one da of (after expression of quantity) dramo drama drogo drug evidenta obvious eta small for away havi to have imagi to imagine imago imagination iu some; somebody kaŝe stealthily kaŝi to hide, to conceal normala normal ofta frequent ofte often paro couple, pair peco piece, bit plena full plene fully, completely poŝo pocket promeni to go for a walk pulvoro powder sekundo second (of time) subita sudden subite suddenly substanco substance sukcesi to succeed sukero sugar super over; above ŝajni to seem tiam then tie there tie ĉi here tiel so, that way, thus tio ĉi this tiu ĉi this (before a noun) tio ĉi = ĉi tio tiu ĉi = ĉi tiu tie ĉi = ĉi tie tiu ĉi viro estas juna, "this man is young" tio ĉi estas nekomprenebla, "this is incomprehensible" -us verb, conditional se mi konus lin, mi irus, "if I knew him, I'd go" mi dezirus demandi vin, "I'd like to ask you" -n direct object of a verb mi konas tiun junan viron, "I know that young man" tiun junan viron mi konas, "I know that young man" tiun junan viron konas mi, "I know that young man" tiu juna viro konas min, "that young man knows me" tiu juna viro min konas, "that young man knows me" min konas tiu juna viro, "that young man knows me" kiu vidis lin?, "who saw him?" kiun vidis li?, "whom did he see?" la viro, kiun rigardis la knabino, "the man the girl was looking at" la viro, kiu rigardis la knabinon, "the man who was looking at the girl" ek- commencement, suddenness iri, "to go" > ekiri, "to set off" sidi, "to sit" > eksidi, "to sit down" -et- diminutive virino, "woman" > virineto, "little woman" bela, "beautiful" > beleta, "pretty" mi komprenas, "I understand" > mi komprenetas, "I understand more or less", "I think I understand" for- away iri, "to go" > foriri, "to go away" esti, "to be" > foresti, "to be absent" > foresto, "absence" -ujo container sukero, "sugar" > sukerujo, "sugar basin" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 (SES) amba~u both a~udi to hear bruo noise decidi to decide decido decision devas must devi to have to, to be obliged to devo duty diskuti to discuss diskuto discussion fali to fall falo (the, a) fall (not season) kafo coffee koridoro hallway, hall, corridor meti to put observi to observe pensi to think perdi to lose resti to stay, to remain riski to risk sama same tempo time timi to fear, to be afraid trankvila calm, tranquil ĉu li iras? "is he going?" ĉu li iru? "should he go?" ĉu li irus? "would he go?" kion mi diras? "what am I saying?" kion mi diru? "what should I say?" la taso falis sur la tablo, "the cup, which was already on the table, fell (staying on the table)" la taso falis sur la tablon, "the cup fell onto the table" li promenis en la ĝardeno, "he was walking in the garden" li promenis en la ĝardenon, "he walked into the garden" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 (SEP) almena~u at least apena~u hardly, scarcely a~utoritato authority bati to beat doktoro doctor dormi to sleep fari to do, to make flegi to nurse (in sickness) flegisto male nurse flegistino nurse ĝis till, until ĝusta correct, right, exact informi to inform informo information kapo head komforta comfortable konscia conscious konscii to be conscious, to be aware konscio consciousness koro heart kuraci to attend (a patient) kuracisto physician kuŝi to lie, to recline memori to remember ol than opinii to think, to opine opinio opinion piedo foot pozicio position semajno week sendi to send unu one unua first unue at first, to begin with vivi to live voki to call -os verb, future tense mi estos, "I'll be" ĉu vi venos? "will you come?" ili komprenos, "they'll understand" -isto habitual occupation, profession instrui, "to teach" > instruisto, "teacher" labori, "to work" > laboristo, "worker" Note: In the plural, the n form is added to the j: mi konas belajn knabinojn, "I know beautiful girls" grandajn manojn li havas, "he has big hands" la viroj, kiujn ŝi amas, "the men she loves" la viroj, kiuj ŝin amas, "the men who love her". The n form is used not only to show the direct object of a verb or the direction of a movement, but also in expressions of time, duration, measure and value, when there is no preposition: mi restis la tutan semajnon, "I stayed the whole week" (in such cases, the n form replaces a preposition which is understood; thus, if you use the preposition, you should not use the n form; you can express the same idea saying: mi restis dum la tuta semajno, "I stayed during the whole week".) li venis la postan tagon, "he came the following day" ĝi estas unu metron alta, "it is one meter high" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 (OK) atendi to wait a~u or a~uto car a~utomato automaton balda~u soon buso bus ĉambro room ĉar because ĉiaokaze in any case destino destiny eĉ even ekster outside (preposition) ekstere outside (adverb, situation) eksteren outside (adverb, direction) el out of, from helpi to help korpo body kruro leg longa long mem self memserva restoracio cafeteria nokto night paŝi to step, to walk paŝo step per by means of, with ruĝa red sekvi to follow senti to feel servi to serve si himself, herself, oneself, themselves suspekti to suspect tien there, to(wards) that place tomato tomato tra through urbo town, city vespero evening -ejo place (often collective) dormi, "to sleep" > dormejo, "dormitory" ("bedroom" is dormoĉambro) lerni, "to learn" > lernejo, "school" li a~utas en la urbo, "he drives in town" li a~utas en la urbon, "he drives into the town" li a~utas tie, "he drives there, in there" li a~utas tien, "he drives there, thither" ŝi mem diris ĝin, "she said it herself" ŝi diris ĝin al si, "she said it to herself" ili komprenos tion mem, "they'll understand that by themselves" ili komprenos sin, "they'll understand themselves" ili komprenos unu la alian, "they'll understand one another" ili komprenos ilin, "they'll understand them" li amis ŝin, "he loved her" li amis lin, "he loved him" li amis sin, "he loved himself" li amis ŝian flegistinon, "he loved her nurse" li amis lian flegistinon, "he loved his (i.e. his friend's) nurse" li amis sian flegistinon, "he loved his (own) nurse" "I'll go there by car": mi tien iros a~ute (I'll go there 'car-wise') mi tien iros per a~uto (I'll go there by means of a car) mi tien iros en a~uto (I'll go there in a car) mi tien a~utos (I'll 'car' there) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 (NA~U) administra administrative administri to administer ajn ...-ever, no matter wh... iu ajn anybody; any io ajn anything amiko friend bani to bathe (somebody) bani sin to have a bath, to bathe blua blue dika thick epoko epoch, age generacio generation grasa fat haro hair homo human being kelkaj some, a few kial why kie where kie ajn wherever kiu ajn whoever kiun ajn whomsoever klaso class kompati to pity kompatinda poor, to be pitied kredi to believe lasi to leave, to let loko place meze de in the middle of mezo middle minuto minute (time) muro wall neniu nobody; no ..., not any ofico function, post oficejo office okulo eye okupi to occupy okupiĝi pri to attend to something, to busy oneself with okupi sin pri = okupiĝi pri provi to try ronda round rondo round, ring, circle sana healthy sen without sveni to faint tradicio tradition trovi to find tuŝi to touch urĝa urgent vorto word vortaro dictionary zorgi to care for, to be concerned over, to be anxious about zorgo worry; care kien ajn vi iros, mi sekvos vin, "wherever you go, I'll follow you" mi faros kion ajn vi diros, "I'll do whatever you say" li diras ion ajn, "he says anything" iru ien ajn, "go anywhere", "go wherever you please" -ita past passive participle fari, "to do", "to make" > farita, "done", "made" vidi, "to see" > vidita, "seen" perdita peco, "a lost piece" ni estas informitaj, "we are informed" -ad- action, particularly prolonged or repeated paroli, "to speak" > paroladi, "to make a speech", "to speak at length" la penso, "the thought" > la pensado, "(the process of) thinking" memoro, "memory" > memorado "the fact of remembering" la respondo estis longa, "the answer was long" la respondado estis longa, "the answering was long", "it took a long time for all the answers to be expressed" li rigardis, "he looked", li ekrigardis, "he glanced", li rigardadis, "he looked at length", "he looked on and on" -ar- collective, group vorto, "word" > vortaro, "dictionary", "vocabulary" homo, "human being" > homaro, "mankind" la studentaro, "the student body (of a university)" la kuracistaro, "the medical profession", "all the doctors (in the area)" -inda worthiness ami, "to love" > aminda, "loveable" vidi, "to see" > vidinda, "worth seeing" havi, "to have" > havinda, "worth having" inda / ebla: havinda, "worth having", havebla, "available" aminda, "who deserves to be loved" amebla, "who can be loved" sen without senkora, "heartless"; senforta, "strengthless"; senhelpa, "helpless"; senkompate, "mercilessly" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 (DEK) aventuro adventure danĝero danger danki to thank ege extremely ema inclined emi to be inclined to facila easy fidi to trust, to rely on fuŝi to botch, to mess up, to bungle reciproke mutually silenti to be silent silento silence sinjoro mister ŝati to like unua first -eg- augmentative bona, "good" > bonega, "excellent" bela, "beautiful" > belega, "splendid" urbo, "town" > urbego, "a large city" labori, "to work" > laboregi, "to work hard", "to exert oneself" -em- tendency paroli, "to speak" > parolema, "talkative" agi, "to act" > agema, "active", "enterprising" timi, "to be afraid" > timema, "fearful", "timid" mis- wrongly kompreni, "to understand" > miskompreni, "to misunderstand" paŝo, "a step" > mispaŝo, "a blunder" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 (DEK UNU) afabla kind, affable akcepti to accept aldoni to add aranĝi to arrange banala trite, commonplace bonvoli to be so good as ĉiam always dankon thank you ne dankinde you're welcome entute at all fermi to close, to shut fini to finish funkcii to function, to work ĝeni to inconvenience, to hamper igi to render, to cause (somebody to do something, something to develop in a certain way), to make (such and such) kontenta glad, satisfied kiel eble plej as... as possible konsentite OK, all right, agreed malfermi to open maniero manner manki to be lacking mekaniko mechanics miksi to mix miri to be amazed motoro motor objekto object, thing oportuna convenient, handy ordo order panei to break down, to stop functioning paneo mechanical failure ripari to repair, to mend ripeti to repeat saĝa wise seka dry tia such troviĝi to be found, to be (at ...) turni sin al to address, to speak to, to apply, to ask, to contact veturi to go (by some sort of vehicle) -ante present active participle, adverbial form laborante, li silentis, "when working, he kept silent" ni diskutis promenante, "we talked while taking a walk" vi lernos la lingvon parolante ĝin, "you'll learn the language by speaking it" -ig- causative granda, "big" > grandigi, "to enlarge" (pli) forta, "strong(er)" > (pli)fortigi, "to strengthen" facila, "easy" > faciligi, "to facilitate" scii, "to know" > sciigi, "to inform" or "to make known" stari, "to stand" > starigi, "to set up" kontenta, "glad" > kontentiga, "satisfactory" maltrankvila, "troubled", "restless", "anxious" > maltrankviliga, "disquieting" -ilo implement labori, "to work" > laborilo, "tool" dormi, "to sleep" > dormigi, "to make somebody sleep" > dormigilo, "sleeping pill" veturi, "to go (not on foot)", "to travel" > veturilo, "vehicle" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 (DEK DU) aĉeti to buy akvo water apud beside, near brando brandy ĉio everything denove again doloro pain doni to give duone half eksplodi to explode fra~ulino Miss glaso glass ĝemi to groan, to moan heziti to hesitate ja indeed; sure enough kiom how much, how many klara clear, plain kvankam although larĝa broad la~u according to; along morti to die plezuro pleasure polico police porti to carry pripensi to reflect, to ponder, to think over ricevi to receive seĝo chair soifi to be thirsty soifo thirst sufiĉa sufficient tiom so much, so many trinki to drink al- approach, drawing near, bringing closer veni, "to come" > alveni, "to arrive" iri, "to go", > aliri, "to approach" porti, "to carry" > alporti, "to bring" paroli, "to speak" > alparoli, "to address" kapjesi = kap + jes + i = "to nod" ("head" + "yes" + verb. ending) scivola = sci + vol + a = "curious" ("know" + "want" + adj. ending = "who wants to know") klarigi = klar + ig + i = "to explain" ("clear" + "render" + verb. ending = "to make clear") survizaĝe = sur + vizaĝ + e = "on (his, her) face" ( "on" + "face" + adv. ending = sur (la, lia, ŝia) vizaĝo) a > e: facila laboro, "an easy job", facile labori, "to work easily" la laboro estas facila, "the work is easy" labori estas facile, "working is easy" estas facile labori, "it is easy to work" estas bone lerni la lingvon, "it is good to learn the language" ripari la a~uton estas dezirinde, "it is desirable to mend the car"; riparado de la a~uto estas dezirinda, "repairing of the car is desirable" tiu demando estas nediskreta, "that question is indiscreet"; tion demandi estas nediskrete, "it is indiscreet to inquire on that point" estis klare, ke la laboron faros li, "it was clear that he was the one who would do the job"; estis klara decido, ke la laboron faros li, "it was a clear decision that he would do the job" estus bone, se vi povus veni, "it would be good if you could come"; estus bona afero, se vi povus veni, "it would be a good thing if you could come" "ja" often refers to the cause of the thing dealt with in the preceding statement, but it is also used simply to emphasize a point: mi ne povas ĝin porti, ĝi ja estas tro granda, "I cannot carry it, it is too heavy" li certe venos, li ja tre deziras vidi vin, "he will certainly come, for he wants badly to see you" vi ja scias ..., "you sure know ...", "no doubt, you know ..." ĉu li ne venos? - jes ja!, "won't he come?" - "oh yes, he will, definitely" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 (DEK TRI) absorbi to engross beda~uri to regret centro center da~uri to last da~urigi to continue (something) ekzemplo example feliĉa happy feliĉe fortunately; happily forgesi to forget ĝentila polite, courteous ĝoja glad, merry, cheerful ĝojo joy hotelo hotel ie some place, somewhere interesa interesting interesi to interest internacia international komenci to begin konato acquaintance koncerni to concern koncerne ...n concerning krome moreover kutimi to be accustomed to kutimo habit, custom momento moment nacia national nacio nation nekonato an unknown person perfekta perfect persono person peza heavy preciza precise proponi to suggest, to propose; to offer rajti to be entitled to rajto (the) right (to do something) rakonti to tell (a story), to narrate ridi to laugh rideti to smile rimarki to notice simila similar stulta stupid, silly, dull ŝofori to drive ŝoforo driver, chauffeur teatro theater vojo way, road koncerne vian proponon, "concerning your suggestion" kiom koncernas min, "as far as I am concerned" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 (DEK KVAR) aero air brako arm domo house du two esperi to hope fantomo ghost fenestro window fenestrokovrilo shutter horo hour humuro humour iam sometime, once infano child kampo field kanti to sing kovri to cover krii to shout, to call out kuri to run kuraĝa brave kuraĝo courage laca tired la~uta loud libera free lito bed ludi to play lumo (the, a) light malanta~u behind marŝi to march; to walk monto mountain movi to move (something) muskolo muscle nek... nek... neither... nor... nenie nowhere patro father patrino mother plendi to complain plori to weep pura clean; pure roko rock sinsekve consecutively situacio situation soni to sound suno sun ŝlosi to lock ŝlosilo key ŝtono stone varma warm veki to wake (somebody) up voĉo voice -ata present passive participle konata, "(who is) known" rigardata, "that is being looked at" -inta past active participle aminta, "having loved" laborinta, "having worked" -eco abstract name of quality libera, "free" > libereco, "freedom" viro, "man (male)" > vireco, "virility" unu, "one" > unueco, "unity" mi vekas lin, "I wake him up", li vekiĝas, "he wakes up"; mi movas ĝin, "I move it", ĝi moviĝas, "it moves"; li komencas la rakonton, "he begins the story", la rakonto komenciĝas, "the story begins" ata > ita (compare as > is) farata laboro, "a job which is (in the process of) being done"; farita laboro, "a job which has been done, which is finished" [comp.: mi faras la laboron, "I'm doing the job", mi faris la laboron, "I've done the job".] vekata amiko, "a friend I am trying to wake up", "a friend who is being waked up"; vekita amiko, "a friend who has been woken up, who is awake" ellitiĝi = iĝi el lito = to get up (litt. to get out of bed) fenestrokovrilo, "shutter" < "a device", "a thing" (ilo) "that covers" (kovr-) "a window" (fenestro) -ega (augmentative), -iga (causative): lacega, "exhausted", "awfully tired" laciga, "tiring" ("causing to be tired") kuraĝega, "extremely brave", "bold", "intrepid" kuraĝiga, "encouraging" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 (DEK KVIN) cent hundred ĉefa principal, chief ĉokolado chocolate dek ten dek kvar fourteen dekstra right (hand) maldekstra left (hand) dolĉa sweet flanko side frue early hiera~u yesterday kvar four kvardek forty kvardek kvar 44 magazeno store, shop mateno morning meblo piece of furniture nazo nose pano bread papero paper plani to plan plano plan plenplena completely full poŝto post, mail raporti to report sako bag speco kind, sort sporto sport strato street ŝanco chance tasko task teo tea vendi to sell bonŝanca lucky, fortunate devojiĝi (< de + voj + iĝi), "to stray from", "to deviate" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 (DEK SES) aĉa wretched, no good, loathsome atmosfero atmosphere bonkora good-hearted bruna brown biero beer finfine eventually (litt. at the end of the end) flugi to fly fojo time, occasion (tri fojojn, three times; unufoje, once) furioza furious gratuli to congratulate grupo group hundo dog je indefinite preposition ĵus just, a moment ago kato cat kelnero waiter kia what a ...; what kind of koko rooster koloro color krom apart from; except for kuko cake kune together kvin five manĝi to eat menuo menu mil thousand milito war militservo military service muziko music na~u nine noti to note numero number (of house, of ticket, in a series, etc.) ok eight plafono ceiling plato slab, plate pse~udo- pseudo- reala real, actual rompi to break salato salad soldato soldier supo soup telero plate tri three turka Turkish vesti to dress, to clothe -aĉ- disparagement domo, "house" > domaĉo, "hovel" hundo, "dog" > hundaĉo, "cur" ridi, "to laugh" > ridaĉi, "to sneer" -ido young of animal koko, "rooster" > kokido, "chicken" > kokidaĵo, "chicken meat" (kokino, "hen") porko, "pig" > porkido, "piglet" > porkaĵo, "pork" (porkino, "sow", virporko, "boar") bovo, "ox" > bovido, "calf" > bovidaĵo, "veal" (bovaĵo, "beef"; bovino, "cow"; virbovo, "bull") ĉevalo, "horse" > ĉevalido, "colt" (ĉevalino, "mare"; virĉevalo, "stallion") mil na~ucent na~udek du, "1992" dek du mil, "12,000" kvincent kvindek kvin, "555" kiu (identity) / kia (quality): Kiu li estas? - Jozefo. "Who is he?" - "Joseph." Kia li estas? - Bonkora. "What kind of a man is he?" - "Kind" Kio li estas? - Raportisto. "What is he?" - "A reporter." Kiun libron vi legas? - Gerda malaperis. "Which book are you reading?" - "Gerda malaperis." Kian libron vi legas? - Lernolibron. "What kind of book are you reading?" - "A textbook." Note that "okazo" has three meanings: (1) event; (2) case; (3) opportunity ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 (DEK SEP) aperi to appear deksepa 17th dua second, 2d edzo husband edzino wife frato brother fratino sister gardi to guard sin gardi to take care, to look out for, to watch out, to mind, to be careful to avoid (some danger or unpleasantness) singarda careful historio history honesta honest ia some kind of jaro year jarcento century kapti to catch konduki to lead kontroli to check, to verify krimo crime kvara fourth lasta last marko mark; brand mono money motivo motive plaĉi to please, to be pleasing preska~u almost pro because of problemo problem riĉa rich rolo rôle sep seven serĉi to look for solvi to solve suko juice ŝtele stealthily ŝteli to steal tipo type, model tria third uzi to use -ano member of a group; inhabitant urbo, "town" > urbano, "townsman" Novjorko, "New York" > novjorkano, "New Yorker" polico, "police" > policano, "member of the police force" (policisto, "policeman") lando, "country" > samlandano, "fellow-citizen" ("person from the same country") ge- both sexes together frato, "brother" > gefratoj, "siblings", "brothers and sisters" patro, "father" > gepatroj, "parents" sinjoro X (Ikso), "Mr X" > gesinjoroj X, "Mr and Mrs X" "To get married": Jozefo edziĝis, "Joseph got married" (litt. "became husband") Marta edziniĝis, "Martha got married" (litt. "became wife") Jozefo kaj Marta geedziĝis, "Joseph and Martha got married" (litt. "became spouses") ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 (DEK OK) anta~u longe long ago aparato apparatus baki to bake, to cook in an oven bezoni to need brakhorloĝo (a) watch dokumento document elporti to bear, to endure filo son filino daughter frukto fruit hejmo (the, a) home hejme at home hejmen (I'm going) home horloĝo clock ĵeti to throw kasedo cassette legi to read letero letter malsata hungry malsati to be hungry obei to obey obstina stubborn oranĝo orange pasi to pass pasigi to spend (time) plumo pen; feather pomo apple preni to take principo principle promesi to promise radio radio sata satiated serpento snake skribi to write suferi to suffer ŝanĝi to change (something) ŝanĝiĝi to change (to become different) ŝiri to tear, to rip terura terrible, awful tial therefore senigi iun je io, "to deprive somebody of something" (senigi = igi sen) "ago" = anta~u : li laboris ĉi tie anta~u du jaroj, "he used to work here two years ago" ŝi alvenis anta~u unu horo, "she arrived an hour ago" anta~u kelkaj minutoj, "a few minutes ago" "in" refering to some point in the future = post : li revenos post du tagoj, "he'll come back in two days' time" mi estos kun vi post du minutoj, "I'll be with you in two minutes" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 (DEK NA~U) All the words (or word roots) in chapter 19 have already be seen. You should be able to understand it without much effort. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 (DUDEK) amatoro amateur a~uskulti to listen bonvena welcome celo goal, purpose, aim ĉiu every, each; everybody digna dignified; deserving diversa varied dubi to doubt emo inclination esplori to investigate esploro research kisi to kiss kondiĉo condition malkovri to discover, to find out; to uncover necesa necessary nigra black onklo uncle onklino aunt prezenti to introduce; to present salti to jump savi to save seruro (a) lock ses six streĉi to stretch sub under teni to hold sin teni to have a ... attitude, to behave (in such and such a way) sinteno attitude, behavior traduki to translate trans across, on or to the other side of verda green viziti to visit -anto person who ...s (present tense) legi, "to read" > leganto, "reader" a~uskulti, "to listen" > a~uskultanto, "listener" -into person who ...d, who has .... (past tense) kapti, "to catch" > kaptinto, "kidnapper", "somebody who has made some one prisoner" savi, "to save" > savinto, "saver", "rescuer" (after the saving operation) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 (DUDEK UNU) adia~u farewell alpreni to take on aresti to arrest aviadi to fly (in a plane) aviadilo plane, aircraft bando gang bileto ticket botelo bottle Budho Buddha detalo detail difini to define, to determine elito elite enamiĝi to fall in love (en + am + iĝi) filozofio philosophy firma firm, steady flughaveno airport foto photograph harmonio harmony haveno harbor indiki to indicate insulo island islamo Islam jen... jen... sometimes... sometimes... judo Jew katoliko Catholic kaverno cave kolbaso sausage konstante continually kopio copy lakto milk lando country libro (a) book lui to rent, to hire membro member morala moral naski to give birth to naskiĝi to be born ortodoksa orthodox (adj.) persekuti to persecute popolo (a) people protestanto Protestant regiono region religio religion signalo signal sindonema devoted (= ema doni sin) societo (a) society, association ŝtato state (politically organized country or people) tendo tent trezoro treasure valori to be worth valoro value ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 (DUDEK DU) danci to dance familio family gardostari to stand guard hodia~u today kosti to cost maro sea morga~u tomorrow multekosta expensive pagi to pay parto part prepari to prepare rimedo means supre upstairs, on top, above supren up, upwards malsupre down below, downstairs malsupren down ŝipo ship temperaturo temperature tero earth; ground vetero weather vojaĝi to travel -eca related to, similar to, having the characteristics of ... infano, "child" > infaneca, "childish" sola, "alone" > soleca, "lonely", "lonesome" ruĝa, "red" > ruĝeca, "reddish" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 (DUDEK TRI) angla English desegni to draw, to design desegno (a) drawing ilo tool, implement kavo cavity, hollow kies whose kofro trunk, coffer kontra~u against korko cork literaturo literature protekti to protect signo sign telefono telephone tiri to pull, to draw ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 (DUDEK KVAR) apliki to apply (something on or to something) biblioteko library ĉesi to cease, to quit defendi to defend fundo bottom ĝenerala general ĝisfunde thoroughly (litt.: up to the bottom) hazarde by chance hazardo chance hospitalo hospital influo influence injekti to inject institucio institution justa just, fair kirurgio surgery (science, practice) koncerna concerned konsisti to consist konstati to realize; to note; to ascertain; to observe (that...) materio matter (material, substance) metodo method monato month muzeo museum narkoanalizo narco-analysis operacio operation paĝo page praktiko practice privata private proksimume approximately renkonti to meet (somebody) renkontiĝi to meet, to get together respekti to respect sankta holy solena solemn spirito spirit studi to study Vatikano Vatican ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 (DUDEK KVIN) Dio God estimi to esteem farti to fare insisti to insist inviti to invite kadro framework, frame kolego colleague komenti to comment kurso course organizi to organize paperujo wallet, pocket-book pluraj several rifuzi to refuse stato state, condition, state of affairs teksto text ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Nenia kopirajto! Multan dankon al Claude Piron, kiu kreis anglan kaj francan vortlistojn por akompani sian romanon "Gerda malaperis!" kaj rezignis pri sia kopirajto en tiuj vortlistoj. Pri eraroj en ĉi tiu dosiero kulpas ne li, sed la redaktintoj, kiuj same rezignis pri kopirajto.